Моделирование фазовых равновесий при кристаллизации базальтовых магм
4.5. Âûâîäû
В этой главе были рассмотрены проблемы, касающиеся
влияния окислительно-восстановительных и барических условий кристаллизации на
тренды фракционирования толеитовых магм. Показано, что возможности применения
ЭВМ-программы КОМАГМАТ для моделирования
и оценки редокс-условий формирования андезит-базальтовых серий определяются
точностью используемых моделей равновесия Fe-Ti оксидов с ферробазальтовыми
расплавами.
В результате обработки экспериментальных данных по
равновесию Mt-расплав и Ilm-расплав предложено две системы
уравнений распределения компонентов (Fe3+, Fe2+, Ti4+, Mg2+,
and Al3+), которые позволяют
моделировать температуры кристаллизации оксидов с точностью ~15оС и 10оС,
соответственно. Установлено, что зависимость температуры кристаллизации Mt от летучести кислорода носит
сложный характер: для ферробазальтовых и андезитовых расплавов с умеренным
содержанием железа (до ~15 мас.%) и TiO2 (до ~2 мас.%) отмечается достаточно крутой наклон магнетитового
ликвидуса ~20оС/logfO2 , в то время как для высокотитанистых (4-5 мас.% TiO2) и обогащенных FeO (17-18 мас.%) базальтов эти температуры
практически не зависят от летучести кислорода и варьируют около 1100оС.
Новые
геотермометры равновесий Mt-расплав и Ilm-расплав были интегрированы в
программу КОМАГМАТ, что позволило приступить к систематическим
исследованиям влияния открытых и закрытых по кислороду систем на
фракционирование базальтовых расплавов и образование ферроандезитов.
Результаты расчетов фракционной кристаллизации
скергаардской магмы указывают на сильное несоответствие между модельными
траекториями фракционирования и петрохимическими трендами по данным природных
наблюдений. Анализ этой информации приводит к выводу о высокой кристалличности
исходной магмы Скергаарда, препятствующей эффективному отделению кристаллов от
расплава и эволюции магмы по механизму идеального фракционирования.
Эта интерпретация предполагает, что канонический тренд, рассчитанный Уэйджером,
не отвечает реальным условиям магматической камеры, где важную роль играли
процессы фильтрации и кристаллизации расплавов, представляющих
интеркумулятивную жидкость.
Íà
îñíîâå
ìîäèôèöèðîâàííîé
âåðñèè ìîäåëè
ÊÎÌÀÃÌÀÒ-3.5
ïðåäëîæåíà
íîâàÿ
ìåòîäèêà îöåíêè
ðåäîêñ-óñëîâèé
ôîðìèðîâàíèÿ
áàçàëüò-àíäåçèò-äàöèòîâûõ
ñåðèé.
Ýòîò ïîäõîä
âêëþ÷àåò
ïîèñê
çíà÷åíèé fO2,
îáåñïå÷èâàþùèõ
ðàâåíñòâî
ðàñ÷åòíûõ òåìïåðàòóð
ðàâíîâåñèÿ Pl-ðàñïëàâ
è Mt-ðàñïëàâ
äëÿ ñåðèè
ïðèðîäíûõ
êîòåêòè÷åñêèõ
ñîñòàâîâ,
àïïðîêñèìèðóþùèõ
ýâîëþöèþ ìàãìû.
Ïðè ñðåäíåé
ïîãðåøíîñòè
ðàñ÷åòà òåìïåðàòóðû
êðèñòàëëèçàöèè
ìàãíåòèòà â
15oC,
íåîïðåäåëåííîñòè
àáñîëþòíûõ
îöåíîê logfO2 ñîñòàâëÿþò
0.5-1 ëîã. åä. Åñëè
îøèáêè
ðàñ÷åòà òåìïåðàòóð
Pl è Mt èìåþò
ðàçíûé çíàê,
íåîïðåäåëåííîñòè
îöåíîê fO2
âîçðàñòàþò,
ïðè
îäíîíàïðàâëåííûõ
îòêëîíåíèÿõ
- ïîíèæàþòñÿ.
Ïðèìåíåíèå
ìåòîäèêè
ðåäîêñèìåòðèè
ê ôåððîäèîðèòàì
×àæìèíñêîãî
ñèëëà
ïîêàçàëî, ÷òî
èõ
ôîðìèðîâàíèå
ïðîèñõîäèëî
â îêèñëèòåëüíûõ
óñëîâèÿõ
ðàâíîâåñèÿ NNO+0.5.
Ïðè ýòèõ
ïàðìåòðàõ
ìîäåëüíûå
òðåíäû ôðàêöèîíèðîâàíèÿ
â
êîîðäèíàòàõ
FeO-SiO2 âîñïðîèçâîäÿò
ïðèðîäíóþ
ëèíèþ
ýâîëþöèè ñîñòàâà
ìàãìû.
Íà
îñíîâå
âûñîêîáàðíîé
âåðñèè
ìîäåëè ÊÎÌÀÃÌÀÒ
ðàçðàáîòàíà
ìåòîäèêà
áàðîìåòðèè
ñåðèé
áàçàëüòîâûõ
ñòåêîë,
ïðåäñòàâëÿþùèõ
îêåàíè÷åñêèå
òîëåèòû.
Ïðåäëîæåííûé
ïîäõîä
âêëþ÷àåò
ðàñ÷åò ëèíèé
ôðàêöèîííîé
êðèñòàëëèçàöèè
èñõîäíîãî
ðàñïëàâà ïðè
ðàçëè÷íûõ
äàâëåíèÿõ è
ñîïîñòàâëåíèå
ìîäåëüíûõ
òðåíäîâ â
êîîðäèíàòàõ
CaO/Al2O3 - MgO ñ
âàðèàöèÿìè
ïðèðîäíûõ
ñîñòàâîâ.
Ïðèìåíèìîñòü
ýòîé
ìåòîäèêè
ïðîäåìîíñòðèðîâàíà
íà
òîëåèòîâûõ
ñòåêëàõ èç
äâóõ ãåîäèíàìè÷åñêèõ
ïðîâèíöèé
Öåíòðàëüíîé
Àòëàíòèêè.
Ðåçóëüòàòû
ÝÂÌ-áàðîìåòðèè
ñòåêîë èç
ñêâ. 332 â
ïðèîñåâîé
÷àñòè
Ñðåäèííî-Àòëàíòè÷åñêîãî
õðåáòà
óêàçûâàþò
íà
ñóùåñòâîâàíèå
äâóõ
ãëàâíûõ
óðîâíåé
ãëóáèííîñòè,
ðàçëè÷àþùèõñÿ
íà 9-12 êì è
îòâå÷àþùèõ
ôðàêöèîíèðîâàíèþ
ðàñïëàâà ÒÎÐ-1 â
îòíîñèòåëüíî
ìàëîìîùíûõ
ìàãìàòè÷åñêèõ
êàìåðàõ
(çîíàõ
ìàãìîâîäà?).
Ñïåöèôèêà òðåíäîâ
äëÿ ñòåêîë èç
ñêâ. 418À íà
çàïàäíîì ôëàíãå
Ñðåäèííî-Àòëàíòè÷åñêîãî
õðåáòà óêàçûâàåò
íà
ìîíîòîííîå
ôðàêöèîíèðîâàíèå
ðàñïëàâà
ìàãíåçèàëüíîãî
áàçàëüòà ïðè
äàâëåíèÿõ
îò 5 äî 2 êáàð,
êîòîðîå
âåðîÿòíî ïðîòåêàëî
ïî ìåðå
ïîäúåìà è
äåêîìïðåññèè
èñõîäíîãî
ìàãìàòè÷åñêîãî
ðàñïëàâà.
4.6.
Ñïèñîê
ëèòåðàòóðû
Àðèñêèí
À.À. (1998)
£àñ¾åò
óñòîé¾èâîñòè
òèòàíîìàãíåòèòà
íà
ëèêâèäóñå
áàçàëüòîâ è
àíäåçèòîâ â ñâÿçè
ñ ïðîáëåìîé
äèôôåðåíöèàöèè
òîëåèòîâûõ
ìàãì.
Ãåîõèìèÿ. N 1. ñ.
18-27.
Àðèñêèí
À.À., Áàðìèíà
Ã.Ñ., Ôðåíêåëü Ì.ß.
(1986)
ÝÂÌ-ìîäåëèðîâàíèå
êðèñòàëëèçàöèè
áàçàëüòîâûõ
ðàñïëàâîâ â
óñëîâèÿõ
çàäàííîé ôóãèòèâíîñòè
êèñëîðîäà.
Ãåîõèìèÿ. N 11. ñ.
1614-1628.
Àðèñêèí
À.À., Áàðìèíà
Ã.Ñ., Ôðåíêåëü
Ì.ß. (1988)
Êðèñòàëëèçàöèîííûé
ìåõàíèçì
îáðàçîâàíèÿ
òîëåèòîâûõ
ñåðèé. Èçâ. ÀÍ
ÑÑÑÐ. Ñåð. ãåîë.
N 4. ñ. 11-19.
Àðèñêèí
À.À., Áàðìèíà
Ã.Ñ., Ôðåíêåëü
Ì.ß., ßðîøåâñêèé
À.À. (1987)
ÝÂÌ-ìîäåëèðîâàíèå
ôðàêöèîííîé
êðèñòàëëèçàöèè
òîëåèòîâûõ
ìàãì ïðè
íèçêîì äàâëåíèè.
Ãåîõèìèÿ. N 9. ñ.
1240-1259.
Àðèñêèí
À.À., Ôðåíêåëü
Ì.ß., Öåõîíÿ
Ò.È. (1990)
Ôðàêöèîííàÿ
êðèñòàëëèçàöèÿ
òîëåèòîâûõ
ìàãì â
óñëîâèÿõ
ïîâûøåííûõ
äàâëåíèé. Ãåîõèìèÿ.
N 2. ñ. 172-183.
Àðèñêèí
À.À., Öåõîíÿ
Ò.È., Ôðåíêåëü
Ì.ß. (1991)
ÝÂÌ-áàðîìåòðèÿ
è
ãåíåòè¾åñêàÿ
èíòåðïðåòàöèÿ
áàçàëüòîâûõ
ñòåêîë
Öåíòðàëüíîé Àòëàíòèêè.
Ãåîõèìèÿ. N 7. ñ.
1038-1047.
Áàáàíñêèé
À.Ä., Ðÿá÷èêîâ
È.Ä.,
Áîãàòèêîâ
Î.À. (1983)
Ýâîëþöèÿ
ùåëî÷íî-çåìåëüíûõ
ìàãì. Ì.: Íàóêà.
96 ñ.
Áàðìèíà
Ã.Ñ., Àðèñêèí
À.À., Êîëåñîâ
Ã.Ì. (1991)
Ìîäåëèðîâàíèå
ñïåêòðîâ
ðåäêîçåìåëüíûõ
ýëåìåíòîâ â
ãèïàáèññàëüíûõ
ïîðîäàõ êðîíîöêîé
ñåðèè (Âîñòî¾íàÿ
Êàì¾àòêà).
Ãåîõèìèÿ. N 8. ñ.
1122-1132.
Áàðìèíà
Ã.Ñ., Àðèñêèí
À.À., Ôðåíêåëü
Ì.ß. (1989)
Ïåòðîõèìè÷åñêèå
òèïû è
óñëîâèÿ
êðèñòàëëèçàöèè
ïëàãèîäîëåðèòîâ
Êðîíîöêîãî
ïîëóîñòðîâà
(Âîñòî÷íàÿ
Êàì÷àòêà).
Ãåîõèìèÿ. N 2. ñ.
192-206.
Áàðìèíà
Ã.Ñ., Àðèñêèí
À.À., Ôðåíêåëü
Ì.ß., Êîíîíêîâà
Í.Í. (1987)
Ãåíåçèñ
ôåððîäèîðèòîâ
×àæìèíñêîãî
ñèëëà.
Ãåîõèìèÿ. N 10. ñ.
1482-1485.
Áîãàòèêîâ
Î.À.,
Êîâàëåíêî
Â.È., Öâåòêîâ
À.À., ßðìîëþê
Â.Â., Áîðñóê
À.Ì., Áóáíîâ
Ñ.Í. (1987)
Ìàãìàòè÷åñêèå
àññîöèàöèè,
ôîðìàöèè, ñåðèè.
 êí.: Ìàãìàòè÷åñêèå
ãîðíûå
ïîðîäû:
Ýâîëþöèÿ
ìàãìàòèçìà
â èñòîðèè
Çåìëè. Ïîä ðåä.
Â.È.Êîâàëåíêî.
Ì.: Íàóêà. ñ. 7-17.
Áîðèñîâ
À.À., Øàïêèí
À.È. (1989) Íîâîå
ýìïèðè¾åñêîå
óðàâíåíèå
çàâèñèìîñòè
îòíîøåíèÿ Fe3+/Fe2+
â ïðèðîäíûõ
ðàñïëàâàõ
îò èõ
ñîñòàâà,
ëåòó¾åñòè
êèñëîðîäà è
òåìïåðàòóðû.
Ãåîõèìèÿ. N 6. c. 892-898.
Áîðîäèí
Ë.Ñ. (1987)
Ïåòðîõèìèÿ
ìàãìàòè÷åñêèõ
ñåðèé. Ì :
Íàóêà.
261 ñ.
Äìèòðèåâ
Ë.Â., Ñîáîëåâ
À.Â.,
Ñóùåâñêàÿ
Í.Ì., Ìåëñîí
Â.Äæ., Õåàðí Ò.Î. (1984)
Ýâîëþöèÿ
òîëåèòîâîãî
ìàãìàòèçìà
ðèôòîâûõ
çîí
Ìèðîâîãî
îêåàíà. Â êí.:
27-é Ìåæä. Ãåîë.
êîíãðåññ.
Ãåîëîãèÿ
Ìèðîâîãî îêåàíà
(Ò. 6. ×àñòü 1). Ì.:
Íàóêà. ñ. 147-154.
Èðâèí
Ò. (1983)
Èçâåðæåííûå
ïîðîäû,
ñîñòàâ
êîòîðûõ îáóñëîâëåí
àêêóìóëÿöèåé
è
ñîðòèðîâêîé
êðèñòàëëîâ. Â
êí.: Ýâîëþöèÿ
èçâåðæåííûõ
ïîðîä. Ì.: Ìèð. ñ.
241-300.
Êàäèê À.À.,
Ëóêàíèí Î.À., Ëàïèí È.Â. (1990)
Ôèçèêî-õèìè÷åñêèå
óñëîâèÿ ýâîëþöèè
áàçàëüòîâûõ
ìàãì â
ïðèïîâåðõíîñòíûõ
î÷àãàõ. Ì.:
Íàóêà. 346 ñ.
Êàäèê
À.À.,
Ìàêñèìîâ À.Ï.,
Èâàíîâ Á.Â. (1986)
Ôèçèêî-õèìè÷åñêèå
óñëîâèÿ
êðèñòàëëèçàöèè è
ãåíåçèñ
àíäåçèòîâ. Ì.:
Íàóêà. 1986. 158 ñ.
Êîðîëåâà
Î.Â.,
Îëåéíèêîâ
Á.Â. (1998)
Ãåîõèìèÿ è
ãåíåçèñ
ìîíöîíèòîèäîâ
Äæàëòóëüñêîãî
òðàïïîâîãî
èíòðóçèâà
(ñåâåðî-çàïàä
Ñèáèðñêîé
ïëàòôîðìû).
Ãåîëîãèÿ è
ãåîôèçèêà. Ò.
39. ñ. 178-189.
Ëàïèí
È.Â., Ëóêàíèí
Î.À., Êàäèê À.À. (1985)
Âëèÿíèå
îêèñëèòåëüíî-âîññòàíîâèòåëüíîãî
ðåæèìà íà
êðèñòàëëèçàöèþ
è äèôôåðåíöèàöèþ
áàçàëüòîâ
Èñëàíäèè â
ïðèïîâåðõíîñòíûõ
óñëîâèÿõ.
Ãåîõèìèÿ. N 6. ñ.
747-760.
Ëóêàíèí
Î.À. (1985) Î
ïðè÷èíàõ
áèìîäàëüíîãî
ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ
ïîðîä
âóëêàíè÷åñêèõ
ñåðèé.
Ãåîõèìèÿ. N 3. ñ.
348-359.
Ìàðàêóøåâ
À.À. (1984)
Ëèêâàöèîííàÿ
ïðèðîäà
àíäåçèòîâûõ
âóëêàíè÷åñêèõ
ñåðèé. Èçâ. ÀÍ
ÑÑÑÐ. Ñåð.
ãåîë. N 8. ñ. 25-37.
Мирлин Е.Г., Сущевская Н.М. (1990)
Пространственно-временная неравно-мерность океаногенеза и ее
структурно-петрологические следствия (на примере Атлантического океана). В кн.:
Магматизм и тектоника океана. М.: Наука. с. 108-122.
Íèêîëàåâ
Ã.Ñ., Áîðèñîâ
À.À., Àðèñêèí
À.À. (1996)
£àñ¾åò
ñîîòíîøåíèÿ
Fe3+/Fe2+ â
ìàãìàòè¾åñêèõ
ðàñïëàâàõ:
òåñòèðîâàíèå
è
äîïîëíèòåëüíàÿ
êàëèáðîâêà
ýìïèðè¾åñêèõ
óðàâíåíèé
äëÿ
ðàçëè¾íûõ
ïåòðîõèìè¾åñêèõ
ñåðèé. Ãåîõèìèÿ.
N 8. ñ. 713-722.
Îñáîðí
Å.Ô. (1983)
Ðåàêöèîííûé
ïðèíöèí. Â êí.:
Ýâîëþöèÿ
èçâåðæåííûõ
ïîðîä. Ì.: Ìèð. ñ.
136-171.
Ïîëÿêîâ
À.È.,
Ìóðàâüåâà
Í.Ñ. (1981)
Äèôôåðåíöèðîâàííûå
ðèîëèò-áàçàëüòîâûå
ñåðèè
Èñëàíäèè è
ïðîèñõîæäåíèå
êèñëûõ ýôôóçèâîâ:
ìîäåëü
ôðàêöèîííîé
êðèñòàëëèçàöèèè.
Ãåîõèìèÿ. N 9. ñ.
1362-1379.
Ðÿá÷èêîâ
È.Ä. (1987)
Ïðîöåññû
ìàíòèéíî-êîðîâîãî
ìàãìîîáðàçîâàíèÿ.
 êí.:
Ìàãìàòè÷åñêèå
ãîðíûå ïîðîäû:
Ýâîëþöèÿ
ìàãìàòèçìà
â èñòîðèè
Çåìëè. Ïîä ðåä.
Â.È.Êîâàëåíêî.
Ì.: Íàóêà. ñ. 390-395.
Ðÿá÷èêîâ
È.Ä.,
Áîãàòèêîâ
Î.À., Ïèëîÿí Ã.Î.,
Áàáàíñêèé
À.Ä. (1983)
Ìåõàíèçì
ãåíåðàöèè
îêåàíè÷åñêèõ
òîëåèòîâûõ
ìàãì. Â êí.:
Ìàãìàòè÷åñêèå
è ìåòàìîðôè÷åñêèå
ïîðîäû äíà
îêåàíîâ è èõ
ãåíåçèñ. Ïîä
ðåä.
Î.À.Áîãàòèêîâà,
Þ.È.Äìèòðèåâà
è
À.À.Öâåòêîâà.
Ì.: Íàóêà. ñ. 17-24.
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